Code Review Guidelines

The only way to get code into Geth is to submit a pull request (PR). Those pull requests need to be reviewed by someone. This document is a guide that explains our expectations around PRs for both authors and reviewers.

Terminology

The Process

The first decision to make for any PR is whether it's worth including at all. This decision lies primarily with the code owner, but may be negotiated with team members.

To make the decision we must understand what the PR is about. If there isn't enough description content or the diff is too large, request an explanation. Anyone can do this part.

We expect that reviewers check the style and functionality of the PR, providing comments to the author using the GitHub review system. Reviewers should follow up with the PR until it is in good shape, then approve the PR. Approved PRs can be merged by any code owner.

When communicating with authors, be polite and respectful.

Code Style

We expect gofmted code. For contributions of significant size, we expect authors to understand and use the guidelines in Effective Go. Authors should avoid common mistakes explained in the Go Code Review Comments page.

Functional Checks

For PRs that fix an issue, reviewers should try reproduce the issue and verify that the pull request actually fixes it. Authors can help with this by including a unit test that fails without (and passes with) the change.

For PRs adding new features, reviewers should attempt to use the feature and comment on how it feels to use it. Example: if a PR adds a new command line flag, use the program with the flag and comment on whether the flag feels useful.

We expect appropriate unit test coverage. Reviewers should verify that new code is covered by unit tests.

CI

Code submitted must pass all unit tests and static analysis ("lint") checks. We use Travis CI to test code on Linux, macOS and AppVeyor to test code on Microsoft Windows.

For failing CI builds, the issue may not be related to the PR itself. Such failures are usually related to flakey tests. These failures can be ignored (authors don't need to fix unrelated issues), but please file a GH issue so the test gets fixed eventually.

Commit Messages

Commit messages on the master branch should follow the rule below. PR authors are not required to use any particular style because the message can be modified at merge time. Enforcing commit message style is the responsibility of the person merging the PR.

The commit message style we use is similar to the style used by the Go project:

The first line of the change description is conventionally a one-line summary of the change, prefixed by the primary affected Go package. It should complete the sentence "This change modifies go-ethereum to _." The rest of the description elaborates and should provide context for the change and explain what it does.

Template:

package/path: change XYZ

Longer explanation of the change in the commit. You can use multiple sentences here. It's usually best to include content from the PR description in the final commit message.

issue notices, e.g. "Fixes #42353".

Special Situations And How To Deal With Them

Reviewers may find themselves in one of the situations below. Here's how to deal with them: